Stories: Underestimated Artifacts
Stories are written with a certain purpose in mind. Ramona was written by Helen Hunt Jackson after she had been introduced to California tribal cultural and experienced the lowliness Native American Indians had been subjected to. Jackson wrote this story to bring awareness to the inhumanity shown towards American Indians. Within this essay, I am going to explain how Ramona can be considered and artifact of history as well as explore a few things this story teaches us about history and how it does so in a different way than you would experience through a history book.
The story of Ramona was written in the year 1884. At this time in American history, American Indians were forced, against their will, to either conform with general society or stay on designated Indian reservations. Their entire standard of living had been reconstructed in a far from positive way. Jackson attempted to elicit an emotional response from the reader to view American Indians in a different way; to humanize them, by showing an interpersonal connection between the reader and the characters, through a love story. By Google definition, an artifact is “an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest” (Google). By this simple definition, it is clear and obvious to see the story of Ramona as an artifact of history.
The content of the story is deeper than a forbidden romance. For the purpose of this essay, I will contain my analysis on the short excerpt of Ramona which concludes just as Alessandro, Ramona’s forbidden love, first lays eyes on Ramona. The history the reader absorbs from the small portion of Chapter 4 is that of the negative feelings towards Native Americans, from the Catholic population in Southern California, the social status among households and ethnicities, as well how as simple things such as transportation were a luxury.
An elderly priest was traveling a day’s journey by foot. He was thinking to himself about the sadness he felt over losing his Missions. “He had lost heart; stretched out wearily as he brooded over sad memories and still sadder anticipations, -- the downfall of the Missions, the loss of their vast estates, and the growing power of the ungodly in the land.” (pg. 269, 270). Our history books teach us very one-sided “facts”. With the help of this story, we can unravel a different side of the facts. Through researching “the downfall of the California Missions”, I was directed to the California Missions Resource Center and found that “in 1831-32 the missions were “secularized” by the Mexican government. Land was distributed to the Indians (most of who were quickly hoodwinked out of their holdings.)” (Why Did the Mission System End). With this knowledge, I am now able to understand the priest’s frustration toward the Indians and why he held them responsible for the Missions demise. He felt he had been robbed by the Indians as well as the government who granted “the ungodly” the land; however, he did not know that many of these tribes had lost their designated land just as quickly as they had been granted it (pg. 270). The Indians, too, were hit with a terrible blow.
It is also important to address the idea of beauty expressed within chapter four. Ramona was of Indian and Caucasian ancestry and was fostered in a Mexican culture. She describes the character Felipe, the full Mexican son of her foster mother, by exclaiming to herself, “How beautiful Felipe is!” “How much handsomer brown eyes are than blue! I wish my eyes were the color of Felipe’s!” (pg. 273). She would compare his favorable features to her “ugly” ones. All the while the author describes Ramona as “unconscious of her own beauty”, furthermore, Felipe is equally infatuated with her beauty (pg. 273). It is apparent that Ramona has been raised within a culture of anger and dislike towards Indians that has cultivated a level of self-loathing towards the part of herself that resembles Indian characteristics. She is unable to find the beauty within herself and feels that others could not love her or could not love her as much as they might love someone who is not of Indian descent.
While referencing the beauty of Felipe, Ramona states, “If I had been beautiful like that, she would have liked me better.” (273). She then continued to list distinguishable characteristics of her Indian genetics, such as her thick, dark eyebrows to his delicate eyebrows. Ramona believed that her foster mother would have been able to love her if she was not part Indian. While her foster mother still provided the same accommodations as Felipe, Ramona could feel the lack of love from her. Ramona was still known as a “Señorita” of the house, but there is a difference between status and love. Ramona had made herself believe this lack of love stemmed from the fact that Ramona was of Indian descent. Because of this Ramona resented her heritage and viewed her physical features as ugly.
The relationship between Ramona, who was a Señorita of the household, and Margarita, the maid, gives the reader a sense of the expectations of the house maids of this time and of this culture. Margarita had been responsible to care for an altar-cloth which she had badly torn. Margarita was terrified to admit this to the lady of the house; Señora Moreno, Ramona’s foster mother. It is unclear if Margarita is afraid of a physical punishment, but it is clear that she did not want to disappoint Señora Moreno. Ramona sees her terror and immediately tries to help the maid and mend the cloth which was to be used for mass the next morning. Even though Ramona is treated as one of the Señora’s own children, Ramona still sees herself as an outsider and is compelled out of compassion to help Margarita in her time of desperation. This segment regarding the alter-cloth also gives the reader insight of the importance to the maids of maintaining favor with the head of the household, or in this situation Señora Moreno. “I prayed to the Virgin to let me die. The Señora will never forgive me.” (pg. 274). Stated by Margarita to Ramona when she felt she had completely ruined a handmade cloth sewn by Señora Moreno many years ago. The thought of losing Señora Moreno’s favor was crippling to Margarita.
The story of Ramona is truly filled with historical artifacts. These artifacts are hidden within the character’s expressions and feelings of themselves and of others. Their expressions and feelings divulge truths of how history affected them and how it may have affected other people like them. This story, while fiction, was written from plausible experiences of a difficult time in our country’s history. This story was written to bring awareness to an otherwise disregarded and deteriorating quality of life for Native American Indians. It is important to read about history and learn of it through the eyes of someone who has experienced it directly. Personal experience is not something you can learn from a history book, but it truly is a priceless artifact that we should treasure.
Works Cited
Hicks, Jack, and James D. Houston. “Helen Hunt Jackson” The Literature of California, University of California Press, 2000, pp. 268–278.
“Why Did the Mission System
End?”. California Missions Resource Center, www.missionscalifornia.com/ate/why-mission-system-end.html.